白袍恐懼症

Carotid-cavernous fistula
(1)  
特徵：Unilateral
Pulsating Exophthalmos

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Differential diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage
 
1. EDH( Epidural hematoma)

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Vascular malformations of
the central nervous system
4
types:
 Developmental venous
anomalies (2%), benign
Capillary telangiectasias (0.7%), benign

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Spine trauma
-cervical spine: most mobile, cervical
stability depends greatly on the integrity of the   ligaments that run from level to level
-thoracic spine: least mobile (rib cage ->
stabilization)

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Colorectal resections
Arterial blood supply to the colon：手術取決於血管的blood supply 範圍
<p.s>middle and inferior rectal a.源自internal iliac a.

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Colorectal Cancer
1.     
Etiology
(1).familial cancer syndromes:
10~15%

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Anal
Fissure
(1).introduction

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Anal fistula
(1).Cause
Major: abscess (30–40% of
abscesses will give rise to fistula in ano.)

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Hemorrhoid
located in the submucosal layer in the
lower rectum, 故術後不會失禁(只有動到deep part
external sphincter muscle和提肛肌才會失禁，internal
sphincter muscle和 superficial and subcutaneous part
external sphincter muscle均不影響)

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<Function>
Water absorption: right colon can
absorption 6 L/min
Electrolyte transport: 吸收Na, Cl，exchange K, bicarbonate in the right
colon

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